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Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Early Beginings
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3900 BCE
Disease Caused by?
Evil Spirts -
3600 BCE
Treatments for sick
tribal doctors performed ceremonies to exorcise the evil spirts -
3100 BCE
Medicines used today
Digitalis, used for heart conditions
Quinine, used to control fevers relieve muscle spasms and prevent malaria
Belladonna and atrophied, used to relieve muscle spasms and in gastrointestinal pain
Morphine, used for pain -
Period: 2999 BCE to 399
Ancient Times
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2900 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
Health records, they were the first people to keep accurate records to know the patients history to know the best way to treat the patients
Who are physicians, the priests acted as physicians
How did they heal, they used medicine for diseases they learned how to splint fractures and they treated disorders by bloodletting with leaches -
1900 BCE
Ancient Chinese
Development of acupuncture, they learned to treat various of diseases and illnesses by the use of stone tools. Some methods after still used today. -
900 BCE
Ancient Greeks
Illness cause Nature vs. Spiritual, first to study diseases and determine that they have to do with nature rather than supernatural forces
Dissection, there religion didnt allow bodies to be dissected
Hippocrates, he based his knowledge off of anatomy and physiology of the external body, he kept records of symptoms of many diseases and confirmed that diseases were not caused by supernatural forces but by nature, wrote the oath of Hippocrates -
100
Ancient Romans
Sanitation Systems, Roman’s learned from the Greeks that disease were spread by the lack of sanitation and the Roman’s started to carry clean water into their city’s by aqueducts
Organize medical care, first to have organized medical care, sent physicians with armies to treat the injured soldiers
Hospital development, the beginning of hospitals was that physicians kept a room in their houses for the ill -
Period: 400 to 800
Dark Age
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500
Stopped the study of medicine, why?
After the Roman Empire was taking down by the Huns they stopped medical research for 1000 years bc they believed that life and death was in gods hands. Medication was a combination of herbal mixtures. Pray was a the primary was of treatment. -
700
How do they treat disease?
Herbal mixtures, and prayer -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle Age
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1100
Epidemics
caused millions of deaths, Bubonic plague killed 60 million people, other diseases- smallpox, diphtheria, syphilis, and tuberculosis. Today we have vaccines to control these diseases -
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
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1450
Rebirth
Universities, medical schools for research
Dissection, acceptance only for body study
Books, having access to printing press allowed more knowledge and research -
Period: 1505 to
16th and 17th Centuries
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1515
Leonardo da Vinci
Recorded anatomy of the body -
1550
Gabrielle Fallopius
discovered the fallopian tubes of female anatomy -
1563
Bartolommeo Eustachio
discovered the tibe leading from the ear to the throat, Eustachio tube -
William Harvey
understood physiology, described the circulation of blood and the pumping of the heart -
Antoine von Leeuwenhoek
invented microscope, established that there is smaller life, found the bacteria that causes tooth decay -
Apothecaries
apothecaries engage in a trade of drugs and spices -
Period: to
18th Century
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Benjamin Franklin
discover bifocals and that colds could be passed from person to person -
Medical students learning
They did not just learn in a class room but got to experience and observe sick people. -
Joseph Prestley
Discoved the element of oxygen, plants refresh air that has lost its oxygen making it unable for respiration -
Edward Jenner
discovered a method of vaccination for smallpox, saved millions of lives, led to immunization and preventive medicine on public health -
Rene Laennec
invented the stethososcope, made out of wood, made to hear the heart and lungs to tell if there’s an illness -
Period: to
19th and 20th Centuries
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Ignacio Semmelweis
found the cause of childbed fever, it was from physicians that would dissect a body and then deliver a baby without washing hands or changing clothes. Eventually cleanseyness became a requirement. -
Florence Nightingale
Founder of modern nursing and sanitation, established a nursing school. -
Louis Pasteur
discovered the microorganism were everywhere and caused disease, also discover that heating milk killed bacteria, created vaccines for rabies in 1885 -
Dimitri Ivanovski
discoved that someme diseases were caused by virus that a microscope could not see -
Joseph Lister
Microorganisms cause infections, first dr to use antiseptic during surgery, helped prevent infection -
Ernst von Bergman
developed asepsis, devolved a method that kept an area germ-free before ands during surgry -
Robert Koch
discovered many disease-causing organisms, developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens and also isolate the bateria that caused tb introduced the importance of sanitation -
Paul Ehrlich
Discovered the effects of medicine on disease causing microorganisms, didnt kill all but some, 606 experiments before he found a treatment that worked. Discovered we couple uses chemicals to fight disease. -
Wilhelm Roentgen
discovered X-rays, took first X ray pic -
Anesthesia
Nitrous oxide and chloroform was descovered, knocked people pout so they didnt feel pain during surgery -
Sir Alexander Fleming
Found that penicillin killed life threatening bacteria, before people died from illnesses we declared uncureable. -
Sifmund Freud
dicovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind, mind and body work together, led to understanding of psychosomatic illness -
Gerard Domagk
discovered sulfonamide compounds, first medicine in killing bacteria -
Jonas Salk
dicovered that dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitits, discovered the vaccine -
Albert Sabin
used a polio virus vaxxine which is more effective, is used today on babies -
Francis Crick and James Watson
Discoved the molecular structure of DNA, explained how dna replicates and how hereditary info is coded on it -
Christian Barnard
performed the first heart transplant -
Ben Carson
seperating Siamese twins and performing hemispherectimeis, and surgery on the brain to stop seizures -
21st century adavancements
nurces vistiting homes of patients
After surgery patients are help in the hospital for several days before being sent home
Telemedicine, consultive diagnostic and treatment services, electronic communication
Organ transplants
Better understandment of medication] -
Period: to
21st Century