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This supreme court case declared that separate but equal schools were unconstitutional. Although the decision focused on segregation, it also opened up the door for challenges to the exclusion of students with disabilities. -
The court ruled that children with intellectual disabilities could not be denied a free public education. This case is what made it where schools must serve all students. -
This case built on PARC by requiring schools in Washington, D.C. to provide education for all children with disabilities. -
Section 504 was the first federal law to prohibit discrimination against individuals with disabilities in programs that receive federal funding, which includes schools. -
This is also called Public Law 94-142, this act required schools to provide free appropriate public education, create IEPS, and place students in the least restrictive environments. -
These amendments extended services to preschool aged children and created early intervention programs for infants and toddlers through IFSPs. -
The ADA guaranteed civil rights protections to people with disabilities in employment, transportation, and public spaces. It expanded rights beyond schools and into all areas of life. -
This law renamed Public Law 94-142 and added new categories such as autism and traumatic brain injury. It also required transition planning for students who are moving into adulthood. -
This law required schools to include students with disabilities in state testing and hold schools accountable for their progress, aiming to close gaps. -
ESSA replaced No Child Left Behind but kept the focus on accountability. It gave states more flexibility while ensuring students with disabilities remained a part of academic achievement measures.