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Muawiya changes the capital city from Medina to Damascus. It was a period in which the Caliphate was constantly fighting against the Byzantines (the Eastern remnants of the Roman empire.) so it benefited them in the aspect of needing to be near where the action is.
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The Umayyad rule started in 661 AD. Starting out just as a clan, the popularity of Islam grew and so did the Umayyad's. There were two branches of the family: The sufanids and Abu sufyan. The sufanids reigned from 661-684 AD and the Abu sufyan from 684-750 AD. The base of the Ummayad strength was their strong army. They were able to conquer land in Northern Africa and Egypt.
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The Umayyad Dynasty started to win lots of wars and the main reason being everyone would put the empire before their own lives. Some of the notable battles they won were The battle of Yarmuk, The battle of Qadisiyah.
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On April 30th, 711, Tariq Ibn-Ziyad landed at Gibraltar and by the end of the campaign most of the Iberian Peninsula were brought under Islamic rule.
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In the east, Islamic armies made it as far as the Indus River in 710—under al-Walid, the caliphal empire stretched from Spain to India.
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Islam begins to spread in some parts of France, mostly the south and this was quite significant since more countries started getting influenced by Islam and Islam had rapid growth in its followers.
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The battle of Marj Ardabil takes place on the plains surrounding the city of Ardabil in northwestern Iran. A khazar army led by Barjik, the son of the Khazar khagan, invaded the Ummayad provinces.
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The third Muslim civil war was a series of civil wars and uprising against the Umayyad Caliphate that started after the overthrowing of the Caliphate Al-Walid in 744. This war weakened the Ummayyad's empire and also weakened their resources.
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Ummayyad Dynasty collapses as the Abbasid empire takes over after revolting in the battle of the zab.
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The Abbasid Caliphate was the third of Islamic Caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. When they ruled as caliphs they were able to take over Baghdad in Iraq in 750
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The Abbasids take over Ummayyad's after winning the battle of Zab. This was significant since after the Abbasids took over they were able to influence a lot of events that took place.
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One of the most famous in Cordoba is built, where most of the Muslims in Cordoba used to pray at, the mosque is still present in present day Cordoba.
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Under the Abbasid rule, The Islamic golden age takes place, where numerous caliphates ruled the world, many discoveries were made in the field of Science and Medicine. Even algebra was invented by a Muslim during that time. Many cures for diseases were also discovered during this time.
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Abd Al-Rahman declares himself Caliph of Cordoba. It ended up being a huge bonus for Cordoba as after Abd Al-Rahman got the throne Cordoba started to advance in Engineering, Philosophy, Science and medicine.
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Hospitals were now going to be open for 24 hours in every region of the Islamic empire this was quite significant since people were able to get help whenever they needed and if they weren't able to pay for their medical costs, the hospitals were still supposed to treat them. This was quite beneficial to many people who weren't able to earn as much as the rest.
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The Battle of Sajrajas takes place, it was a battle between the Almoravid army led by the Almoravid king Yusuf Ibn Tashfin and a Christian army led by the Castillan army King Alfonso. This battle was quite significant since it sparked the recapture of most of Spain by the early 12th Century.
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The first crusade takes place when the pope attempts to capture the Hole land.
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The battle of Las naves de tolosa also known as the battle of Al-Uqab takes place this was an important turning point in the Reconquista and in the medieval history of Spain. The Almohads were crushed in this battle and Christianity start to spread in Spain.
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Christians started to take over in Spain, and the majority of the population converted to Christianity and Muslims were driven out of the community
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https://global.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Las-Navas-de-Tolosa
http://www.history.com/topics/crusades
http://historum.com/middle-eastern-african-history/66713-ali-talib-first-muslim-civil-war.html
https://global.britannica.com/topic/fitnah
http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/spain_1.shtml
https://www.reference.com/history/did-abbasid-dynasty-fall-48934fa119ac484f
