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the decline of the Roman Empire, wars, money problems, plagues, invasions, which had made the empire unstable.
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The Early Middle Ages began with the fall of Rome.
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was characterized by military expansion, diplomacy and significant public works which had led to the height of Babylonian power.
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it was a significant political reform which marked the start of the Heian period.
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In 794 the Emperor Kammu moved the imperial capital from Nara to Heian-Kyo, now known as Kyoto. This signified the beginning of the Hein__ period (794–1185CE). During this time, many of the foundations of Japan’s development were laid. Japanese society broke away from the strong influences of, and connections with China. Japanese art and culture began to flourish.
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On Christmas day, Charlemagne was crowned as the Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III. this had created the event of the restoration of the roman empire.
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Europe as we know today had begun to take shape. the Norman Conquest led by William the Conqueror led to the creation of France, England, and Germany. Farming did well in western Europe, and towns and regions became wealthy and built up their resources. Disagreements within the catholic church led to a period split within the church. there was also a lot of fighting between Chistian armies and the Islamic Empire over holy places such as Jerusalem. These wars are known as the Crusades
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the battle between the Norman forces that were led by William who was the Duke of Normandy, that had fought against the Anglo-Saxon army if King Harold Godwinson.
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Pope Urban II delivers the speech at the Council of Clermont, calling for the First Crusade. This speech urged Christians to take up arms and reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control.
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The Second Crusade, led by European kings like Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany, ends in disappointment with failed attempts to recapture territories lost to the Muslims.
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The Genpei War, was a civil war between the Taira and Minamoto clans in the late-Heian period. It resulted in the downfall of the Taira and the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate under Minamoto no Yoritomo, who appointed himself a Shōgun in 1192, governing Japan as a military dictator from the eastern city of Kamakura. Minamoto Yoritomo formed the first bakufu and ruled as Japan's first shogun from his capital. This was the beginning of a feudal state in Japan, with real power in Kamakura.
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Philip II of France, Richard I of England (The Lionheart) and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor lead the Third Crusade. They took back many territories from Saladin but failed to win back Jerusalem.
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the Minamoto Shogunate, known as the Kamakura shogunate had been founded by Minamoto no Yoritomo in 1185 which was Japan's first feudal military government which had lasted until 1333.
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The Late Middle Ages saw the end of the great growth and wealth of High Middle Ages. Families and plagues such as the Black Death killed millions of people. Poor people began to revolt against the unfair laws and conditions they had to put up with, such as in the Peasants' Revolts in 1381 in England. This was a great civil unrest, but it was also the beginning of strong interest in literature and the arts
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Pope Innocent III declares the Fourth Crusade to take back Jerusalem
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Started by a French child named Stephen of Cloyes. Tens of thousands of children gathered to march to the Holy Land. This ended in total disaster. None of the children made it to the Holy Land and many were never seen again. They were likely sold into slavery.
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had created the rule that everyone, including the king is meant to follow the law, which had limited the monarchs power
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Over the next several years there would be 5 more Crusades. None of them would be very successful in terms of gaining control of the Holy Land.
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were a series of military campaigns, most notably the two failed attempts to invade Japan in 1274 and 1281
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it was also known as the Muromachi shogunate which was a feudal Japanese military government that was led by the Ashikaga clan.
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Johannes Gutenberg invented a movable printing press. this invention allowed the mass production of books and other printed materials.
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King Henry VIII ruled England as the King of England and Ireland. he became king due to defeating Richard III at the battle of Bosworth Field.
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he started the separations from the catholic church, making the Church of England as a institution with the monarch as the head in 1534.
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it was a time of peace and isolation in Japan. it was ruled by the Tokugawa shoguns from capital in Edo (modern Tokyo)