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History class timeline

By RicardoGarcia
  • 30,000 BCE

    Stone Age

    Stone Age
  • Period: 30,000 BCE to 11,999 BCE

    Paleolithic

  • Period: 12,000 BCE to 7999 BCE

    Mesolithic

  • Period: 8000 BCE to 3499 BCE

    Neolithic

  • Period: 3500 BCE to 3299 BCE

    Copper/Chalcolithic Age

  • Period: 3300 BCE to 2099 BCE

    Early Bronze Age

  • 3100 BCE

    Ancient Egypt

    Ancient Egypt
    Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh, beginning the dynastic period.
  • 3000 BCE

    Mesopotamia

    Mesopotamia
    Development of the first city-states in Sumer, such as Ur and Uruk.
  • 2600 BCE

    Indus Valley

    Indus Valley
    Rise of major urban centers like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro.
  • Period: 2100 BCE to 1499 BCE

    Middle Bronze Age

  • 2070 BCE

    Ancient China

    Ancient China
    The beginning of the Xia Dynasty, considered the first Chinese dynasty.
  • 1500 BCE

    Nok Civilization

    Nok Civilization
    Early development of the Nok culture in West Africa, known for advanced ironworking and terracotta sculptures.
  • Period: 1500 BCE to 1198 BCE

    Late Bronze Age

  • Period: 1200 BCE to 599 BCE

    Iron Age

  • 1070 BCE

    Kushite Kingdom

    Kushite Kingdom
    Establishment of the Kingdom of Kush in Nubia (modern-day Sudan), becoming a major power in Northeast Africa.
  • 776 BCE

    Ancient Greece

    Ancient Greece
    Traditional founding of the Olympic Games and beginning of Greek city-states (poleis) like Athens and Sparta.
  • 600 BCE

    Judaism

    Judaism
    Development of Judaism as a religious tradition in ancient Israel.
  • Period: 600 BCE to 499

    Classical Antiquity

  • 509 BCE

    Roman Republic

    Roman Republic
    Establishment of the Roman Republic after the overthrow of the Roman monarchy.
  • 500 BCE

    Buddhism

    Buddhism
    Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, is born in Lumbini, Nepal.
  • 480 BCE

    Golden Age of Athens

    Golden Age of Athens
    Height of Athenian culture, art, and democracy, especially under Pericles.
  • 336 BCE

    Empire of Alexander the Great

    Empire of Alexander the Great
    Alexander begins his conquests, creating a vast empire that spreads Greek culture throughout the known world.
  • 323 BCE

    Hellenism

    Hellenism
    The spread of Greek culture across the eastern Mediterranean and Asia following Alexander’s death.
  • 312 BCE

    Seleucid Empire

    Seleucid Empire
    Founded by Seleucus I Nicator, covering much of Alexander’s former Asian territories.
  • 305 BCE

    Ptolemaic Egypt

    Ptolemaic Egypt
    Ptolemy I Soter establishes the Ptolemaic Dynasty in Egypt after Alexander's empire splits.
  • 276 BCE

    Antigonid Dynasty (Macedonia)

    Antigonid Dynasty (Macedonia)
    Founded by Antigonus II Gonatas, establishing control over Macedonia and Greece.
  • 60 BCE

    First Triumvirate

    First Triumvirate
    Informal political alliance in Rome between Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus, seeking to control Roman politics.
  • 27 BCE

    Roman Empire

    Roman Empire
    Augustus (Octavian) becomes the first Roman emperor, marking the transition from Republic to Empire.
  • 30

    Christianity

    Christianity
    Jesus of Nazareth is crucified, marking the spread of Christianity.
  • 250

    Maya Civilization

    Maya Civilization
    The Maya civilization reaches its peak in Mesoamerica.
  • 285

    Western and Eastern Roman Empires

    Western and Eastern Roman Empires
    Division of the Roman Empire into two parts by Emperor Diocletian.
  • 330

    Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire)

    Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire)
    Constantinople is established as the capital, and the Eastern Empire continues after the fall of the West.
  • 476

    Fall of the Western Roman Empire

    Fall of the Western Roman Empire
    Marks the end of the Western Empire as Romulus Augustulus is deposed by Odoacer.
  • 493

    Theodoric the Great establishes the Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy.

    Theodoric the Great establishes the Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy.
  • 500

    The second Triumvirate

    The second Triumvirate
    Octavian, Marc Antony, and Lepidus.
  • 527

    Byzantine Empire

    Byzantine Empire
    Continuation of the Eastern Roman Empire until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks (finished on 1453.)
  • 610

    Islam

    Islam
    Prophet Muhammad receives the first revelation, marking the beginning of Islam.
  • 711

    The Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula begins.

    The Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula begins.
  • 732

    Battle of Tours

    Charles Martel halts the northward advance of Islamic forces.
  • 800

    Coronation of Charlemagne as Emperor

    By Pope Leo III, uniting much of Western Europe.
  • 800

    Attacks and Invasions

    Attacks and Invasions
    Viking, Magyar, and Muslim invasions across Europe.
  • 800

    Feudalism

    Feudalism
    The feudal system becomes widespread in Europe.
  • 843

    Treaty of Verdun

    divides the Carolingian Empire among Charlemagne’s grandsons.
  • 962

    Otto I is crowned Holy Roman Emperor

    Reinforcing the idea of a revived Western Empire
  • 1054

    The Great Schism

    Formally splits Christianity into Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox branches.
  • 1054

    Catholic Church’s Power

    Catholic Church’s Power
    The Great Schism between the Catholic and Orthodox Churches, increasing the political power of the Catholic Church in Western Europe.
  • 1066

    Norman Conquest of England

    William the Conqueror defeats Harold II at Hastings.
  • 1095

    Pope Urban II calls for the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont.

  • 1099

    Crusaders capture Jerusalem during the First Crusade.

    Crusaders capture Jerusalem during the First Crusade.
  • 1122

    Concordat of Worms

    Resolves the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and the Holy Roman Emperor.
  • 1147

    Launch of the Second Crusade.

    Launch of the Second Crusade.
  • 1187

    Battle of Hattin

    Saladin defeats Crusader forces and recaptures Jerusalem.
  • 1190

    Beginning of the Third Crusade

    Beginning of the Third Crusade
    Led by figures such as Richard the Lionheart.
  • 1215

    Signing of the Magna Carta in England

    Signing of the Magna Carta in England
    Laying foundations for constitutional governance.
  • 1229

    End of the Albigensian Crusade

    With the Treaty of Paris, curbing heresy in southern France.
  • 1241

    Mongol forces invade Eastern Europe

    (e.g., Battle of Legnica), affecting European political dynamics.
  • 1265

    Simon de Montfort’s Parliament in England

    Becomes an early model of representative government.
  • 1274

    Second Council of Lyons discusses Church reforms and attempts at reuniting Eastern and Western Christianity.

  • 1302

    Pope Boniface VIII issues the papal bull Unam Sanctam

    Pope Boniface VIII issues the papal bull Unam Sanctam
    Asserting papal supremacy.
  • 1315

    The Great Famine begins in Europe

    Severely impacting population and society.
  • 1325

    Aztec Civilization

    Aztec Civilization
    The city of Tenochtitlán is founded, becoming the center of the Aztec Empire.
  • 1347

    Crises

    Crises
    The Black Death pandemic begins, devastating the European population.
  • 1378

    Beginning of the Western Schism

    Splitting the Catholic Church with rival popes.
  • 1415

    Execution of Jan Hus at the Council of Constance

    Sparking early reformist movements.
  • 1415

    Portuguese Expeditions Begin

    Portuguese Expeditions Begin
    Prince Henry the Navigator sponsors Portuguese exploration along the African coast.
  • 1417

    The Western Schism comes to an end with the election of a single pope

  • 1438

    Inca Civilization

    Inca Civilization
    The Inca Empire is founded, expanding across the Andes in South America.
  • 1453

    Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks

    Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks
    Marking the end of the Byzantine Empire.
  • 1455

    Gutenberg prints the first Bible

    Gutenberg prints the first Bible
    Revolutionizing the spread of knowledge with movable type.
  • 1492

    Castilian Expeditions

    Castilian Expeditions
    Christopher Columbus, funded by Castile, reaches the Americas.
  • 1494

    Treaty of Tordesillas divides the New World between Spain and Portugal

  • 1500

    Discovery of America

    Discovery of America
    Discovery of America.
  • 1517

    Martin Luther nails his 95 Theses to the church door in Wittenberg

    Sparking the Protestant Reformation.
  • 1521

    The Diet of Worms condemns Martin Luther’s teachings

  • 1527

    Sack of Rome by the troops of Charles V

    Symbolizing the decline of papal political
    power.
  • 1534

    Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy establishes the Church of England

  • 1543

    Copernicus publishes On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres

    Marking a shift in scientific thought.
  • 1545

    The Council of Trent commences

    The Council of Trent commences
    Launching the Counter-Reformation within the
    Catholic Church.
  • 1555

    The Peace of Augsburg establishes the principle of cuius regio

    Eius religio in the Holy Roman Empire.

  • The Spanish Armada is defeated by England

    Altering the balance of naval power in Europe.

  • The Defenestration of Prague sparks the Thirty Years’ War across Central Europe

    The Defenestration of Prague sparks the Thirty Years’ War across Central Europe

  • The English Civil War begins

    The English Civil War begins
    Leading to significant shifts in power and
    governance.

  • The Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years’ War and lays the groundwork for modern state sovereignty

  • The Glorious Revolution in England

    Establishes a constitutional monarchy.

  • The English Bill of Rights is enacted

    The English Bill of Rights is enacted
    Reinforcing parliamentary power and
    individual rights.

  • The Acts of Union unite England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain

  • The Treaty of Utrecht ends the War of Spanish Succession

    Reshaping the balance of power in Europe.

  • Death of Louis XIV marks the end of an era of absolute monarchy in France

  • The Seven Years’ War begins

    The Seven Years’ War begins
    A global conflict that reconfigures colonial empires.

  • The Battle of the Plains of Abraham decisively influences the fate of New France in North America

  • The approximate beginning of the Industrial Revolution

    Heralding vast economic and social changes.

  • The American Revolutionary War begins

    The American Revolutionary War begins

  • The American Declaration of Independence is adopted

    The American Declaration of Independence is adopted
    Adam Smith publishes his
    magnum opus ‘An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations’.

  • The Treaty of Paris ends the American Revolutionary War

  • The French Revolution begins

    The French Revolution begins
    Radically transforming French society and politics.

  • The French National Assembly adopts the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

  • Napoleon Bonaparte seizes power in France during the coup of 18 Brumaire

  • Napoleon crowns himself Emperor of the French

    Napoleon crowns himself Emperor of the French

  • The Battle of Austerlitz results in a decisive Napoleonic victory.

  • The British Parliament passes the Slave Trade Act

    Abolishing the slave trade in the British Empire.

  • The Mexican War of Independence begins against Spanish colonial rule

    The Mexican War of Independence begins against Spanish colonial rule

  • Napoleon invades Russia

    Napoleon invades Russia
    A campaign that ultimately weakens his army.

  • Napoleon abdicates

  • Congress of Vienna convenes to redraw the map of Europe

    Congress of Vienna convenes to redraw the map of Europe

  • The Battle of Waterloo marks Napoleon’s final defeat and ends the Napoleonic Wars.

    The Battle of Waterloo marks Napoleon’s final defeat and ends the Napoleonic Wars.

  • The Greek War of Independence begins

  • Mexican War of Independence concludes

    Mexican War of Independence concludes