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The century of Tudor rule (1485-1603) is often thought of as a most glorious period in English history.
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When Henry married her, the two houses were united which gave an end to the Wars of Roses.
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He was important in establishing the new monarchy. He had the same ideas as the growing classes of merchants and gentleman.He has basesd royal power an good business sense.
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He was quite unlikel, his father. He was cruel, wasteful with money, and interested in pleasing himself.
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She was the widow of his elder brother Arthur.But she couldn`t hav a son, so Henry tried to persuade the pope to allow him to divorce her.
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Henry VIII wanted Scotland to accept his authority. Althought James IV married Henry`s daughter Margaret.
In 1513 his army destriyed the Scottish army at Flodden. It was the worst defeat the Scots ever experienced. James himself was killed, and with him over 20 Scottish nobles. -
England felt the effects of Reinassance later than much of Europe because it was an island. Reinassance influenced religion, encouraging the Protestant Reformation. In music England enjoyed its most fruitful period ever. Literature was England's greatest art form
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This became law after Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy. it was a popular decision.
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When Henry could divorce from Catherine of Aragon, he married Anne Boleyn who gave birth to Elizabeth.
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Henry was made the head of the Church
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Through several Acts of Parliament between 1532 and 1536 Engaland became politically a Protestant country, even though the popular religion was still Catholic.
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In 1536 large numbers of people form the north marched to London to show their anger at the dissolution of the monasteries. Their reason were only partly religious. This 'Pilgrimage of Grace' was cruelly put downs and its leaders excecuted.
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Between 1536 and 1543 Wales became joined to England under one administration. English law was now the only law for Wales.
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He was his assistant. Together, made a careful survey of Church property. Between 1536 and 1539 they closed 560 monasteries and other religious houses. He did this in order to get money, but he also wanted to be popular with the rising classes.
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He left behind his sixth wife , Catherine Parr and his three chidren. Mary, the eldest, was the daughter of Catherine og Aragon; Elizabeth was the daugther of Anne Boleyn; and Edward was the son of Jane Seymour, the only wife whow Henry really loved.
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Parliament gave magistrates the power to take any person who was without work and give him for two years to any local farmer who wanted to use him.
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Most English people still believed in the Old Catholic Religion. Less than half the English were Protestant by belief, but these people were allowed to take a lead in religious matters. In 1552 a new book was introduced to make sure that all Churches followed the New Protestan Religion.
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Mary, The Catholic daugther of Catherine of Aragon became Queen when Edward Died in 1553
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Elizabeth became Queen when Mary died, she was an obvious leader for Protestant revolt.
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This hatred of everything Catholic became an important political force
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London used 33.000 tons of coal from Newcastle , but by 1600 it used five times as much, and the smoke darkened the sky over London
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John Hawkins who was a sailor encouraged to continue the atack and destroy Spanish ships, carried his first slave cargo.
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IN 1580 during Elizabeth's reign , many Irish rebelled, encouraged by the arrival of a few Spanish and French soldiers.
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She helped the Dutch rebels with money and soldiers.
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It waspartly beacuse Mary named Philip as her heir to the throne of England.
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beacuse he believed this had to be done before he would be able to defeat the Dutch rebels in Netherlands. He built a great fleet of ships, but Francis Drake attacked and destroyed part of this fleet in Cadiz harbour.
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Elizabeth called her soldiers together. She won their hearts with well-chosen words.
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It made the problem of the poor worse again.
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During the period of bad harvests, peasant in Oxfordshire rioted against the enclosures of common land. Apprentices in London rioted against the city authorities.
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During the period of bad harvest, peasants in Oxfordshire rioted against the enclosures of common land. Aprenticesin London rioted against the city authorities.
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She had found ways to raise money that were extremely unwise. She sold monopolies which gave a particular person or company a total control over a trade.
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The parliament passed the first Poor Law. This made local people responsible for the poor in their own area. It gave power to JP to raise money in the parish to provide food.
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