The history of Australia from "colonization to independence" (1770 to 1901) - Clary, Roussilhe,Kuszaj
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After several months at sea, the english lieutenant James Cook and his expedition landed in the east coast of Australia. He put a british flag on the island and claimed the territory for Britain despite the fact that there were native tribes. Australia was dubbed "terra nullius". -
Deciding that Botany Bay was unsuitable for settlement Captain Arthur Phillip set out with a party in three open boats to seek out another site. He chose a cove with a stream and named it Sydney Cove. -
The first settlers began to arrive from Britain, attracted by the idea of a new life in another part of the world.The government also provided the settlers with free agricultural tools and convict labor to help them establish farms.( E.g : Farmers expected to have more land.) -
British set up a new settlement on the island of Tasmania. It was used to exile convicts and separate them from the general population. -
By 1840, roughly half of the people living in Australia were native-born, reflecting the colony’s growing local population. -
After the discovery of gold in Australia, more settlers started to arrive. It led to a period of extreme prosperity for the Australian colony. -
The province was named after Queen Victoria(1819-1901). It's a state in the southeastern Australia and the second smallest state. -
Four of the five provinces managed most of their own affairs but were still part of the British Empire. And all men over 21 years of age obtained the right to vote in South Australia. -
Queen Victoria granted approval and signed Letters Patent on 6 June 1859 to establish the new colony of Queensland.On the same day, an Order-in-Council gave Queensland its own constitution. -
By 1860, Britain had granted self-government to New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and Queensland. Then, Western Australia was granted self-government in 1890. After that, all the six provinces were "self-governing". -
In 1891, over 80% of Australians were born there. The 1891 Constitutional Convention was held in Sydney in March 1891,by the delegates of the six colonies, to consider a draft Frame of Government for the proposed federation of the British colonies in Australia. -
Australia became a nation on 1 January 1901, when the British Parliament passed legislation enabling the six Australian colonies to collectively govern in their own right as the Commonwealth of Australia. But Australia still kept the British monarch as the head of state.