-
The epitaph of Seikilos is the oldest musical composition that has been preserved in its entirety. It was inscribed on a marble stele that Seikilos had erected in the 1st century AD for his wife Euterpe, near present-day Aydin, Turkey. -
Gregorian Chant is a form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred music that emerged in the early medieval Catholic Church and is characterized by its free-flowing melody and spiritual solemnity. The chant system was named after Pope Gregory I (590–604) -
Guido of Arezzo was an 11th-century Italian Benedictine monk and music theorist, considered a central figure in the history of music for his innovations in musical notation. He is known as the father of modern musical notation, as he developed tools to facilitate the learning and writing of melodies. -
Ars antiqua is the style of polyphonic music that flourished in the 13th and early 14th centuries, mainly in France, especially at the School of Notre Dame in Paris. This period represents a crucial phase in the development of Western music, marking the end of the Pythagorean conception of music and the beginning of a more empirical view, influenced by the ideas of Aristotle. -
During the Ars Antiqua (12th and 13th centuries moreless) the first plyphonic form was developed: the organum. It´s main componers, from the Notre Dame school, were Leoninand Perotin.
-
He was born in the year 1135, in Paris, France.Between 1150 and 1160, he was the administrator of the cathedral in Paris.Together with Pérotin, called the Great, and Robert de Sabilon, they were the three masters who collaborated at the school of Paris.He was ordained a priest at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris in 1192. -
Pérotin was a French medieval composer in the late 12th and early 13th centuries. He is one of the most important figures of the Notre Dame School of Paris. Pérotin was a key figure in the development of medieval polyphony, music with several independent voices sounding at the same time. He revised and expanded the Magnus Liber Organi (Great Book of the Organ). -
Alfonso X the Wise (1221–1284) was King of Castile and León from. He is considered one of the most important figures of the Spanish Middle Ages for his remarkable cultural and legal work, which led to the official recognition of Castilian as the language of the kingdom. Under Alfonso X's leadership, a tremendous amount of intellectual and translation work was carried out at court. His vision led him to establish cultural centres, such as the famous Toledo School of Translators. -
Ars Nova (Latin for “New Art”) originated as the title of a treatise by Philippe de Vitry around 1320 and signifies a major innovation in musical notation and rhythmic practice, marking a departure from the earlier Ars Antiqua and transforming polyphonic music in the 14th century.