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Johanes Guttenberg creates the printing press, which will increase access to affordable print and increases literacy rates. The first book he prints is the Gutenberg Bible. -
The Ottoman Turks, under the leadership of Sultan Mehmet II, take Constantinople, ending the Byzantine Empire. Scholars took classical Greek and Roman works and traveled west across the Mediterranean -
Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses on the door of All Saints Church in Wittenberg, Germany. He challenges the Catholic Church's selling of indulgences and seeks reform. This sparks the Protestant Reformation. -
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The Thirty Years' War was a series of conflicts fought primarily in Central Europe from 1618 to 1648. It began as a religious war between Protestant and Catholic states within the Holy Roman Empire, but evolved into a broader political struggle involving major European powers. The war resulted in widespread devastation, significant population loss, and ultimately reshaped the political and religious landscape of Europe through the Peace of Westphalia.
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Sunday, 28 June 1914, at about 10:45 am, Franz Ferdinand and his wife were assassinated in Sarajevo, the capital of the Austro-Hungarian province of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The perpetrator was 19-year-old Gavrilo Princip, a member of Young Bosnia and one of a group of assassins organized and armed by the Black Hand. -
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The Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch, was a failed coup attempt by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Munich on November 8-9, 1923. Inspired by Benito Mussolini's March on Rome, Hitler aimed to seize control of the Bavarian government and then march on Berlin to overthrow the Weimar Republic. The putsch failed, leading to Hitler's arrest and imprisonment -
This invasion, led by Adolf Hitler, was a swift and brutal military campaign utilizing the Blitzkrieg strategy, characterized by rapid armored assaults and air strikes. The invasion prompted Britain and France to declare war on Germany, but it was too late to prevent Poland's swift defeat. -