Islam pic

Islam

  • Period: 570 to Jun 8, 632

    Muhammad the Prophet's life

    He is believed to have been born in the third month of the Islam calender, the sacred Rabi' al-awwal. He died of sickness.
  • Muhammad becomes a prophet of Allah
    Jan 1, 610

    Muhammad becomes a prophet of Allah

    The angel Gabriel visits Muhammad and reveals to him the first verses of the Quran. It is called the Night of Power and it will be celebrated in 2014 on July 24.
  • Muhammad starts to preach
    Jan 1, 613

    Muhammad starts to preach

    Muhammad starts to preach the part of the Quran he has received from Gabriel to the people of Mecca. He gathered all types of followers, but many people wanted him to stop preaching since he was teaching against many Meccan people's beliefs.
  • The Hijra
    Jan 1, 622

    The Hijra

    Muhammad and his followers travel north of Mecca and emigrate to the city of Medina. There Muhammad and his followers prospered. This is marked as the first year of the Islam calendar.
  • Battle of Badr
    Mar 13, 624

    Battle of Badr

    Meccans continued to persecute Muslims, so eventually they fought in a large battle, with the Muslims defeating the much bigger Meccan force. Many then converted to Islam because they perceived the result of the battle as a sign of God's protection for Muslims.
  • Muhammad takes Mecca
    Jan 11, 630

    Muhammad takes Mecca

    Muhammad and the Muslims defeat the Meccans and take control of Mecca. Muhammad destroys shrines, statues and other religious objects for Arabic religions in Mecca.
  • Muslims Divide when Abu Bakr becomes the first caliph
    Jan 1, 632

    Muslims Divide when Abu Bakr becomes the first caliph

    Muslims disagree about who should be the successor of Muhammad. Some believe it should be Muhammad's nephew, but some believe it should be a close friend of Muhammad's. Shiite Muslims believed his nephew should rule, while Sunni Muslims believed that Muhammad's friend Abu Bakr should rule. Abu ended up as the leader of Islam and took military action against the Shiites.
  • Muhammad the prophet dies
    Jun 8, 632

    Muhammad the prophet dies

    Muhammad becomes ill and dies in his wife Aisha's house in Mecca.
  • Umar ibn al-Khattab becomes the second caliph
    Aug 23, 634

    Umar ibn al-Khattab becomes the second caliph

    Abu Bakr dies. The next leader, Umar ibn al-Khattab, used the large military Bakr had arranged to spread Islam to many other places.
  • Battle of Yarmouk
    Aug 15, 636

    Battle of Yarmouk

    Muslim armies conquer Syria, Palestine, and Lebanon.
  • Uthman ibn Affan becomes the third caliph
    Nov 3, 644

    Uthman ibn Affan becomes the third caliph

    After Umar ibn al-Khattab is killed, Uthman ibn Affan becomes the next caliph and greatly expands the empire.
  • Ali becomes fourth caliph
    Jan 1, 656

    Ali becomes fourth caliph

    He receives opposition and tries to convince the rebels of his rule. He is later killed.
  • Period: Jan 1, 656 to Jan 1, 661

    First Fitna

    The first Islamic Civil War was caused becasue of disagreement over if Ali was a good choice for caliph. He fought against the rebels, but they won, forcing him to flee the empire.
  • Jan 1, 661

    Umayyad caliphs take over

    After Ali, the Umayyad clan takes over as the leaders of Islam. They conquered Egypt, Syria, Persia, North Africa, Spain and parts of the Byzantine Empire. They were centered in Syria. They made the next caliph Muawiyah I.
  • Period: Jan 1, 661 to Jan 1, 750

    Umayyad caliphs rule

    All caliphs were from the Umayyad clan during this time period. During this time Islam spread very rapidly throughout the Middle East.
  • Period: Jan 1, 750 to Jan 1, 1258

    Abbasid Caliphate rules

    All rulers are from the Abbasid clan. Manufacturing, education, and standard of living increased during this time period. Also, Islam spread very quickly due to missonaries and the conquering of land.
  • Battle of Zab
    Jan 25, 750

    Battle of Zab

    During this battle, Damascus falls and the Umayyad are no longer the ruling clan of Islam.
  • Abbasid Caliphate
    Feb 1, 750

    Abbasid Caliphate

    The Abbasid Caliphate takes over from the Umayyad and appoint as-Saffah as caliph.
  • Period: Jan 1, 1096 to Jan 1, 1099

    The First Crusade

    Some countries in Europe tried to reclaim land that was taken from them by Muslims by assembling soldiers to kill massive amounts of people in Jerusalem and reclaim the city. It worked and the Kingdom of Jerusalem was established.
  • The Second Crusade
    Jul 24, 1148

    The Second Crusade

    The crusaders decided to attack Damascus, but Muslims attacked the advancing army and drove them back. It was a great victory and eventually influenced the fall of Jerusalem.
  • Siege of Jerusalem
    Sep 20, 1187

    Siege of Jerusalem

    The Muslims are able to reconquer the Kingdom of Jerusalem during the Third Crusade. Jerusalem was what the crusaders wanted most, but it was the only thing they couldn't get.
  • Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi
    Jan 1, 1250

    Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi

    Sometime in his life, Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi traveled from Khorasan to Anatolia, which is from modern day Iran to Turkey to spread Islam through Sufism.
  • Mongols Invade
    Jan 29, 1258

    Mongols Invade

    The Mongols lead the Siege of Baghdad, bringing down the city as well as the Abbasid Caliphate by killing the caliph. They killed many Muslims during this invasion, but they later embraced Islam, spreading it throughout the empire.
  • Creation of the Ottoman Empire
    Jan 1, 1299

    Creation of the Ottoman Empire

    The Ottoman Empire is created by Osman I. Its main religion is Islam. The empire is united by Islam and its ideology.
  • Period: Jan 1, 1299 to May 29, 1453

    Rise of Ottoman Empire

    In 1453, the rise of the Ottoman Empire ends as Constantinople falls.
  • Mongols have converted
    Jan 1, 1330

    Mongols have converted

    By this time, three out of the four major Mongol kingdoms were Muslim.
  • Fall of Constantinople
    May 29, 1453

    Fall of Constantinople

    The Ottoman Empire captures Constantinople from the Byzantine Empire. This causes the Byzantine Empire to fall.