-
After the death of Prophet Muhammad (may peace be upon him), Abu Bakr becomes the first caliph.
-
Abu Bakr sends Khalid al-Walid to the Sassanid Persian Empire and the Byzantine Empire to expand Islam (the Muslim Empire).
-
Abu Bakr leads Muslim forces who defeat other Arabian tribes and reconstitutes the caliphate.
-
Abu Bakr dies and Umar takes place as a second caliph. Umar continues to expand Muslim territory into Persia, the Byzantine empire, and Egypt. Umar also establishes the Diwan (financial department).
-
The war between the Arab caliphates and the Byzantine empire ended.
-
The Muslim Calender is established.
-
Umar is assassinated. Uthman becomes a caliph.
-
A rebellion starts as Ali decides to punish the men who had assassinated Uthman. This is the first civil war. Mu’awiya, a member of Uthman's family, started uprises against Ali.
-
He was assassinated by men who were against his policies. Ali becomes a caliph.
-
Amr ibn al-As negotiates with the two forces. Ali lacks support from his army after he accepted the arbitration.
-
Ali is assassinated by the Kharijites
